Regressions of offspring trunk length, leg length and leg-to-trunk ratio at 48 months on maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy in 2004 Pelotas birth cohort children
| Trunk length (cm) | Leg length (cm) | Leg/trunk (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value | |
| All children | ||||||
| Maternal smoking | ||||||
| Minimally adjusted* | −0.64 (−0.83 to −0.46) | <0.001 | −1.03 (−1.23 to −0.82) | <0.001 | −0.86 (−1.22 to −0.49) | <0.001 |
| Fully adjusted† | −0.17 (−0.36 to 0.02) | 0.086 | −0.63 (−0.84 to −0.42) | <0.001 | −0.87 (−1.28 to −0.45) | <0.001 |
| Paternal smoking | ||||||
| Minimally adjusted* | −0.39 (−0.57 to −0.22) | <0.001 | −0.61 (−0.81 to −0.42) | <0.001 | −0.50 (−0.85 to −0.14) | 0.006 |
| Fully adjusted‡ | −0.01 (−0.20 to 0.17) | 0.882 | −0.16 (−0.37 to 0.04) | 0.115 | −0.27 (−0.66 to 0.13) | 0.189 |
| Males | ||||||
| Maternal smoking | ||||||
| Minimally adjusted§ | −0.57 (−0.83 to −0.31) | <0.001 | −1.04 (−1.33 to −0.76) | <0.001 | −1.02 (−1.53 to −0.51) | <0.001 |
| Fully adjusted¶ | −0.07 (−0.34 to 0.201) | 0.611 | −0.65 (−0.95 to −0.36) | <0.001 | −1.07 (−1.65 to −0.49) | <0.001 |
| Paternal smoking | ||||||
| Minimally adjusted§ | −0.36 (−0.62 to −0.11) | 0.005 | −0.60 (−0.88 to −0.33) | <0.001 | −0.55 (−1.04 to −0.05) | 0.030 |
| Fully adjusted** | 0.05 (−0.21 to 0.30) | 0.724 | −0.26 (−0.54 to 0.02) | 0.070 | −0.54 (−1.09 to 0.01) | 0.052 |
| Females | ||||||
| Maternal smoking | ||||||
| Minimally adjusted§ | −0.72 (−0.98 to −0.47) | <0.001 | −1.01 (−1.30 to −0.73) | <0.001 | −0.68 (−1.20 to −0.16) | 0.010 |
| Fully adjusted† | −0.28 (−0.56 to −0.01) | 0.043 | −0.64 (−0.94 to −0.34) | <0.001 | −0.69 (−1.28 to −0.12) | 0.020 |
| Paternal smoking | ||||||
| Minimally adjusted¶ | −0.42 (−0.67 to −0.17) | 0.001 | −0.61 (−0.89 to −0.33) | <0.001 | −0.43 (−0.93 to 0.07) | 0.094 |
| Fully adjusted** | −0.16 (−0.42 to 0.09) | 0.215 | −0.32 (−0.60 to −0.03) | 0.029 | −0.30 (−0.85 to 0.26) | 0.294 |
BMI, body mass index.
↵* Adjusted for child's age at time of height measurement and sex.
↵† Adjusted for family income, marital status, schooling, age, skin colour, parity, maternal height and BMI, pregnancy duration, child's age at time of height measurement, sex and paternal smoking during pregnancy.
↵‡ Adjusted for family income, marital status, schooling, age, skin colour, parity, height, BMI, pregnancy duration, child's age at time of height measurement, sex and maternal smoking during pregnancy.
↵§ Adjusted for child's age at time of height measurement.
↵¶ Adjusted for family income, marital status, schooling, age, skin colour, parity, maternal height and BMI, pregnancy duration, child's age at time of height measurement and paternal smoking during pregnancy.
↵** Adjusted for family income, marital status, schooling, age, skin colour, parity, height, BMI, pregnancy duration, child's age at time of height measurement and maternal smoking during pregnancy.