z Score | Crude coefficient (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted coefficient (95% CI) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal smoking | ||||
W/A at birth | −0.43 (−0.50 to −0.37) | <0.001 | −0.28 (−0.34 to −0.22)* | <0.001† |
3 months | −0.33 (−0.49 to −0.16) | <0.001 | −0.13 (−0.31 to 0.04)* | 0.138 |
12 months | −0.18 (−0.31 to −0.05) | 0.009 | 0.05 (−0.09 to 0.19)* | 0.472 |
48 months | −0.26 (−0.41 to −0.12) | <0.001 | 0.01 (−0.14 to 0.16)* | 0.902 |
L/A at birth | −0.45 (−0.52 to −0.38) | <0.001 | −0.34 (−0.40 to −0.27)* | <0.001† |
3 months | −0.61 (−0.80 to −0.42) | <0.001 | −0.35 (−0.56 to −0.15)* | 0.001† |
12 months | −0.49 (−0.63 to −0.34) | <0.001 | −0.20 (−0.35 to −0.05)* | 0.009† |
H/A at 48 months | −0.47 (−0.61 to −0.34) | <0.001 | −0.21 (−0.35 to −0.08)* | 0.002† |
BMI/A at birth | −0.32 (−0.38 to −0.25) | <0.001 | −0.19 (−0.25 to −0.12)* | <0.001† |
3 months | 0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22) | 0.654 | 0.10 (−0.08 to 0.29)* | 0.278 |
12 months | 0.14 (0.01 to 0.26) | 0.032 | 0.23 (0.09 to 0.36)* | 0.001† |
48 months | 0.02 (−0.13 to 0.16) | 0.825 | 0.17 (0.02 to 0.32)* | 0.028† |
HC/A at birth | −0.39 (−0.46 to −0.32) | <0.001 | −0.25 (−0.32 to −0.18)* | <0.001† |
3 months | −0.33 (−0.51 to −0.15) | <0.001 | −0.13 (−0.33 to 0.06)* | 0.173 |
12 months | −0.20 (−0.34 to −0.06) | 0.005 | −0.01 (−0.16 to 0.14)* | 0.906 |
Paternal smoking | ||||
W/A at birth | −0.16 (−0.23 to −0.10) | <0.001 | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0.01)‡ | 0.085† |
3 months | −0.23 (−0.40 to −0.07) | 0.004 | −0.09 (−0.25 to 0.07)‡ | 0.285 |
12 months | −0.22 (−0.34 to −0.10) | 0.001 | −0.10 (−0.23 to 0.03)‡ | 0.121 |
48 months | −0.26 (−0.40 to −0.13) | <0.001 | −0.09 (−0.24 to 0.05)‡ | 0.207 |
L/A at birth | −0.14 (−0.20 to −0.07) | <0.001 | −0.01 (−0.08 to 0.05)‡ | 0.711† |
3 months | −0.26 (−0.45 to −0.06) | 0.009 | −0.04 (−0.23 to 0.16)‡ | 0.710† |
12 months | −0.28 (−0.43 to −0.13) | <0.001 | −0.08 (−0.22 to 0.07)‡ | 0.299† |
H/A at 48 months | −0.26 (−0.39 to −0.12) | <0.001 | −0.03 (−0.16 to 0.11)‡ | 0.706† |
BMI/A at birth | −0.14 (−0.21 to −0.08) | <0.001 | −0.079 (−0.14 to −0.02)‡ | 0.014† |
3 months | −0.11 (−0.27 to 0.05) | 0.168 | −0.087 (−0.25 to 0.08)‡ | 0.298 |
12 months | −0.08 (−0.20 to 0.04) | 0.184 | −0.073 (−0.20 to 0.05)‡ | 0.252† |
48 months | −0.14 (−0.28 to 0.01) | 0.051 | −0.092 (−0.24 to 0.05)‡ | 0.216† |
HC/A at birth | −0.15 (−0.22 to −0.07) | <0.001 | −0.04 (−0.11 to 0.02)‡ | 0.215† |
3 months | −0.29 (−0.47 to −0.12) | 0.001 | −0.19 (−0.36 to −0.01)‡ | 0.035 |
12 months | −0.20 (−0.33 to −0.07) | 0.003 | −0.09 (−0.22 to 0.05)‡ | 0.212 |
↵* Adjusted for family income, marital status, schooling, age, skin colour, parity, height, body mass index (BMI), pregnancy duration and paternal smoking.
↵† χ2 Test p<0.05 for difference between maternal and paternal coefficients in the adjusted analysis.
↵‡ Adjusted for family income, marital status, schooling, age, skin colour, parity, height, BMI, pregnancy duration and maternal smoking.