OR (95% CI) for overweight and obesity in school children | |||
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | Unadjusted* | Fully adjusted† | |
School-based factors‡ | |||
Canteen sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption | |||
No | 98 (28.9) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 241 (71.1) | 3.10 (1.41 to 6.80) | 3.59 (1.18 to 10.87) |
Canteen juice consumption | |||
No | 271 (79.9) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 68 (20.1) | 3.92 (2.14 to 7.20) | 4.41 (1.89 to 10.29) |
Canteen calorie-rich snack consumption§ | |||
No | 89 (26.3) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 250 (73.7) | 3.81 (1.58 to 9.20) | 5.46 (1.78 to 16.75) |
PE duration of activity per class││ | |||
>30 min/class | 202 (59.6) | 1 | 1 |
≤30 min/class | 137 (40.4) | 4.98 (2.70 to 9.20) | 4.72 (2.08 to 10.71) |
Unscheduled physical activity at school¶ | |||
≥20 min/day | 114 (33.6) | 1 | |
<20 min/day | 225 (66.4) | 0.78 (0.44 to 1.39) | NS# |
Out of school activity** | |||
Outside school physical activity†† | |||
≥20 min/day | 85 (25.1) | 1 | |
<20 min/day | 254 (74.9) | 1.26 (0.64 to 2.46) | NS# |
Participation in sedentary activities‡‡ | |||
≤60 min/day | 198 (58.4) | 1 | 1 |
>60 min/day | 141 (41.6) | 9.05 (4.50 to 18.23) | 8.06 (3.37 to 19.27) |
Dietary habits§§ | |||
Fast food visits | |||
≤2 times/week | 266 (78.5) | 1 | 1 |
>2 times/week | 73 (21.5) | 3.44 (1.89 to 6.26) | 2.95 (1.23 to 7.05) |
Snack while watching television/leisure reading | |||
≤2 times/week | 285 (84.1) | 1 | 1 |
>2 times/week | 54 (15.9) | 9.51 (4.95 to 18.24) | 9.92 (3.85 to 25.58) |
Sociodemographic factors││││ | |||
School | |||
School 1 – boys only | 85 (25.07) | 1 | 1 |
School 2 – girls only | 80 (23.59) | 0.82 (0.41 to 1.64) | 1.74 (0.34 to 8.74) |
School 3 – mixed | 95 (28.02) | 0.81 (0.40 to 1.64) | 0.59 (0.18 to 1.92) |
School 4 – mixed | 79 (23.30) | 0.77 (0.21 to 2.85) | 1.13 (0.18 to 7.21) |
Gender | |||
Male | 181 (53.4) | 1 | 1 |
Female | 158 (46.6) | 0.72 (0.41 to 1.27) | 0.49 (0.13 to 1.93) |
Age (years) | |||
>13–17 | 180 (53.1) | 1 | |
11–13 | 159 (46.9) | 0.79 (0.45 to 1.39) | 1.74 (0.76 to 3.97) |
Qualification of mother | |||
No education or up to primary school | 14 (4.1) | 1 | |
Secondary school, graduation or postgraduation | 325 (95.8) | 0.52 (0.16 to 1.72) | NS# |
Family structure | |||
Extended | 154 (45.4) | 1 | |
Nuclear | 185 (54.6) | 0.58 (0.33 to 1.01) | NS# |
Ethnicity | |||
Non-Urdu speaking | 62 (18.3) | 1 | |
Urdu speaking | 277 (81.7) | 1.33 (0.62 to 2.87) | NS# |
Family history obesity | |||
No | 234 (69.0) | 1 | |
Yes | 105 (31.0) | 1.14 (0.63 to 2.07) | NS# |
↵* Unadjusted OR at univariate level.
↵† Fully adjusted OR.
↵# NS, not significant.
↵││ PE, physical education (PE class frequency = 2 days/week).
↵§ Canteen calorie-rich snack (any one of following items: burger, fries, chips, biscuits, pizza, patties, samosa (deeply fried traditional food item), chocolates, sweets, toffee, icecream cake, brownie, pastry and doughnut).
↵¶ Unscheduled physical activity: daily duration of activity at school other than that provided in the PE classes.
↵†† Outside school physical activity: daily duration of active physical activity outside school (participation in games like football, cricket, badminton, rope skipping, jumping, swimming, to the extent that participant would get out of breath).
↵‡‡ Sedentary activity: daily duration of television watching and/or using the internet and/or playing video games.
↵‡ School-based factors:
Canteen sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (colas); canteen juice (packed fruit juice) and §canteen calorie-rich snack consumption; duration of activity per PE class; ¶ unscheduled physical activity at school (physical activity other than that provided in the PE classes).
↵** Out of school activity:
Duration of participation in ‡‡sedentary activity; ††active physical activity outside the school.
↵§§ Dietary habits:
Frequency of visits to fast food places; frequency of snacking while watching television, leisure reading or doing homework.
↵││││ Sociodemographic factors:
Subset of school, age, gender, qualification of mother, family structure and family history of obesity.