Z scores‡ | Born in periods with/without UNS for PCHI | |||||||
No | Group mean* z score‡ (SD) | Unadjusted* mean difference (95% CI) (a−b) | p Value | Adjusted† mean difference (95% CI) | p Value | |||
With UNS | Without UNS | With UNS (a) | Without UNS (b) | |||||
WORD reading ability | ||||||||
Basic reading (x) | 51 | 51 | −0.64 (1.19) | −0.97 (1.26) | 0.31 (−0.17 to 0.79) | 0.21 | 0.40 (−0.00 to 0.80) | 0.051 |
Reading comprehension (y) | 50 | 48 | −0.82 (1.12) | −1.04 (1.24) | 0.22 (−0.25 to 0.69) | 0.35 | 0.38 (−0.02 to 0.77) | 0.062 |
Aggregate reading (x + y)/2 | 51 | 51 | −0.74 (1.12) | −1.06 (1.25) | 0.30 (−0.17 to 0.77) | 0.20 | 0.39 (0.02 to 0.76) | 0.042 |
VABS communication scale | 50 | 48 | −0.21 (1.13) | −0.64 (1.39) | 0.43 (−0.08 to 0.94) | 0.096 | 0.51 (0.06 to 0.95) | 0.026 |
*Adjusted only for age at assessment.
†Adjusted, in a linear regression model, for severity of PCHI, maternal educational qualifications and Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrices (non-verbal ability) score.
‡Negative scores indicate that scores were lower than those seen in the normally hearing comparison group.1
VABS, Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales; WORD, Weschler Objective Reading Dimensions.