Characteristics of excluded studies
| Study | Methods | Participants | Interventions | Primary outcome of study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADH, antidiuretic hormone; IV, intravenous; PO, oral. | |||||
| Neville (2005)15 | Cohort study | Children with gastroenteritis (n = 52) | Hypotonic IV fluids | PNa, osmolality, ADH, urine electrolytes and osmolality, cortisol, and thyroid hormone | No control group |
| Cupido (2000)25 | Cohort study | Post-op craniofacial patients (n = 16) | Isotonic fluid | PNa | No control group |
| Halberthal (2001)30 | Retrospective chart review | Hospital acquired severe hyponatraemia within 48 h admission (n = 23). | Hypotonic fluid | Factors contributing to hospital acquired hyponatraemia | No control group |
| Gerick (1996)21 | Case-control study | 103 cases, 31 age matched controls | IV/PO fluid therapy | ADH and plasma renin activity in cases v controls | Outcomes of interest not described |
| Levine (2001)24 | Cohort study | Craniofacial patients (n = 10) | Isotonic IV fluid | Serum and urine electrolytes | No control group |
| Judd (1990)34 | Case-control study | Tonsillectomy (n = 13) | Gp 1: perioperative NS IV fluid. GP 2: NPO, no IV fluids | Serum electrolytes, ADH, and plasma renin activity | Only one intervention of interest described |
| Duke (2002)35 | RCT | Children with meningitis | Hypotonic IV fluids v moderate oral fluid restriction | Survival and neurological status | Only one intervention of interest described |
| Cowley (1988)20 | Cohort study | 8 healthy children undergoing scoliosis repair | Type of fluids not described individually | Serum and urine electrolytes, ADH and renin activity | Type of fluids not individually described |
| Arieff (1999)36 | Retrospective chart review | Fatal cases of post-op hyponatraemia | Not described | Volume of fluid administered | Intervention not described, primarily adult study |
| Wattad (1992)37 | Retrospective chart review | Patients admitted with hyponatraemia | Not described | Aetiology of hyponatraemia | Interventions of interest not described |
| Dunn (1997)38 | Retrospective chart review | Patients with PNa>165 or Na<130 | Not described | Aetiology of hospital acquired PNa derangements | Interventions of interest not described |
| McCormick (1999)39 | Retrospective chart review | Elective paediatric general surgical cases | Hypotonic or isotonic fluids | Not described | Outcomes of interest not described |
| Powell (1990)23 | RCT | Children with meningitis | Fluid restriction v maintenance plus deficit replacement | PNa, plasma AVP levels | Type of fluids not individually described |