Biochemical measurements at baseline and at autonomic reaction (R) (and peak if after R)
| Measurement | Time | All | Pre-pubertal | Mid-pubertal | Post-pubertal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results are expressed as mean (SE) unless stated otherwise. Baseline results are the means of two baseline measurements. | |||||
| Significance levels are for between-group comparisons at single time points. | |||||
| *p = 0.005 versus mid-pubertal group. | |||||
| †p < 0.05 versus pre-pubertal group. | |||||
| ‡p = 0.003 versus mid-pubertal group, p < 0.001 versus pre-pubertal group. | |||||
| §p = 0.001 versus pre-pubertal group. | |||||
| Blood glucose (mmol/l) | Baseline | 6.2 (0.17) | 6.1 (0.21) | 6.6 (0.39) | 6.0 (0.26) |
| R | 2.2 (0.07) | 2.0 (0.09)* | 2.5 (0.10) | 2.2 (0.11) | |
| Adrenaline (nmol/l) | Baseline | 0.47 (0.10) | 0.84 (0.18) | 0.66 (0.21) | 0.12 (0.04)‡ |
| R | 2.14 (0.24) | 2.18 (0.48) | 1.65 (0.26) | 2.39 (0.49) | |
| Noradrenaline (nmol/l) | Baseline | 1.23 (0.67) | 1.31 (0.27) | 0.90 (0.21) | 1.45 (0.21) |
| R | 1.24 (0.62) | 1.51 (0.15) | 0.74 (0.23)† | 1.41 (0.21) | |
| Glucagon (ng/l) | Baseline | 48.0 (1.95) | 50.0 (4.2) | 48.9 (2.8) | 46.0 (2.7) |
| R | 51.7 (2.28) | 51.2 (4.6) | 49.3 (3.4) | 53.3 (3.8) | |
| Cortisol (nmol/l) | Baseline | 227 (26) | 241 (26) | 194 (30) | 238 (54) |
| R | 310 (25) | 244 (13) | 334 (52) | 339 (46) | |
| R+30 | 474 (31) | 383 (52) | 472 (92) | 536 (40) | |
| Growth hormone (mU/l) | Baseline | 4.4 (0.9) | 2.4 (0.8) | 6.4 (2.8) | 4.5 (1.1) |
| R | 28.0 (5.7) | 8.3 (2.8) | 33.8 (12.1) | 36.1 (9.0) | |
| R+15 | 47.2 (5.7) | 25.0 (5.9) | 48.4 (12.8) | 56.6 (8.2) | |
| Pancreatic polypeptide (ng/l) | Baseline | 63 (8) | 76 (21) | 49 (11) | 62 (8) |
| R | 466 (100) | 63 (19) | 367 (202) | 793 (143)§ | |