Baseline | 6 month follow up | 12 month follow up | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | |
Results expressed as mean (SD), number of respondents. | ||||||
For SDQ prosocial scores and RSE scores; increase = improvement. | ||||||
*Significant change from baseline at p<0.05. | ||||||
ECBI | ||||||
Intensity score | 126.6 (16.9), 56 | 125.8 (22.8), 60 | 118.8* (20.3), 46 | 110.2* (21.6), 45 | 115.3* (21.2), 43 | 111.3* (27.0), 43 |
Problem score | 10.2 (7.2), 54 | 9.9 (9.5), 52 | 8.8* (6.5), 41 | 6.2* (6.3), 38 | 7.9* (6.7), 41 | 7.3 (6.9), 40 |
SDQ | ||||||
Total difficulties | 12.0 (5.4), 48 | 12.4 (6.2), 47 | 10.1* (4.7), 45 | 9.5* (6.4), 46 | 10.2* (5.0), 43 | 10.1* (6.1), 43 |
Conduct problems | 2.6 (1.8), 50 | 2.8 (1.9), 52 | 2.4 (1.6), 45 | 1.9* (1.5), 46 | 2.0* (1.4), 43 | 1.8* (1.4), 43 |
Emotional score | 2.9 (2.3), 50 | 2.8 (2.1), 51 | 2.1* (1.9), 45 | 2.2 (2.3), 46 | 2.5 (2.3), 43 | 2.7 (2.0), 43 |
Hyperactivity | 4.4 (2.5), 48 | 5.1 (3.0), 51 | 3.9* (2.3), 45 | 4.0* (2.3), 46 | 4.0 (2.3), 43 | 3.8* (2.6), 43 |
Peer problems | 2.0 (1.7), 50 | 1.8 (1.9), 49 | 1.7 (1.7), 45 | 1.5 (1.9), 46 | 1.7 (1.5), 43 | 1.8 (2.1), 43 |
Prosocial score | 6.7 (1.4), 50 | 7.3 (1.7), 51 | 7.0 (2.0), 45 | 7.7* (1.6), 46 | 7.1 (1.9), 43 | 7.6 (1.5), 43 |
Impact | 1.0 (1.2), 50 | 0.9 (1.5), 51 | 0.7* (1.0), 46 | 0.7 (1.4), 45 | 0.8 (1.1), 40 | 0.7 (1.9), 31 |
GHQ | ||||||
Total score | 4.3 (4.9), 49 | 5.1 (4.9), 51 | 3.0 (4.6), 46 | 2.7* (4.2), 45 | 3.2 (4.8), 42 | 2.9* (3.9), 43 |
Anxiety | 1.5 (1.9), 50 | 1.6 (1.9), 51 | 0.9* (1.7), 46 | 1.0* (1.8), 45 | 1.4 (1.9), 42 | 1.3 (2.0), 43 |
Somatic symptoms | 1.7 (2.2), 50 | 1.7 (1.8), 51 | 1.2 (1.9), 46 | 1.2* (1.8), 45 | 1.2 (2.1), 42 | 1.0* (1.3), 43 |
Depression | 0.2 (0.6), 49 | 0.7 (1.5), 51 | 0.09 (0.4), 46 | 0.07* (0.3), 45 | 0.1 (0.5), 42 | 0.1* (0.4), 43 |
Social dysfunction | 1.0 (1.6), 49 | 1.0 (1.7), 51 | 0.8 (1.8), 46 | 0.4* (1.3), 45 | 0.6 (1.4), 42 | 0.5* (1.1), 43 |
PSI | ||||||
Total | 86.5 (18.4), 50 | 85.0 (20.4), 51 | 83.4 (17.0), 46 | 79.0* (20.9), 46 | 78.4* (18.4), 43 | 77.1* (19.2), 43 |
Parent domain | 29.4 (7.2), 50 | 29.5 (9.2), 51 | 29.0 (7.1), 46 | 27.7 (8.6), 46 | 26.0* (7.9), 43 | 27.2* (6.7), 43 |
Difficult child | 34.4 (8.9), 50 | 32.2 (8.3), 51 | 32.2 (8.3), 46 | 30.0* (9.1), 46 | 30.9* (9.4), 43 | 28.3* (8.9), 43 |
Parent-child interaction | 22.7 (5.9), 50 | 23.3 (6.2), 51 | 22.2 (5.4), 46 | 21.7* (6.4), 46 | 21.6 (5.4), 43 | 21.7(5.9), 43 |
RSE | 29.7 (4.7), 50 | 29.2 (5.0), 51 | 30.3 (4.7), 46 | 29.5 (4.4), 46 | 31.4* (4.1), 43 | 30.7* (4.2), 42 |