Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of children who were normal, had colic, and had prolonged crying
| Normal (n = 264) | Colic (n = 48) | PC (n = 15) | Adjusted difference† (colic v normal) | Adjusted difference† (PC v normal) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values are mean (SD) or difference in score (95% confidence interval). | ||||||
| *p<0.05. | ||||||
| †Difference in scores, adjusted for sex, maternal smoking, maternal age, and maternal education. | ||||||
| ‡Fagan’s test of infant intelligence measured at six months of age | ||||||
| §Measured at 5 years of age. | ||||||
| ¶Measured at 5 years of age. | ||||||
| PC, prolonged crying; PDMS, Peabody development motor scale; WPPSI-R, Wechsler preschool and primary scales of intelligence–revised. | ||||||
| Fagan‡ | 59.3 (6.2) | 59.2 (7.2) | 55.5 (5.6) | −0.3 (−2.9 to 2.2) | −4.8 (−9.0 to −0.6)* | |
| WPPSI-R§ | ||||||
| Total IQ | 108.7 (14.7) | 112.8 (17.0) | 103.5 (17.6) | 3.9 (−0.4 to 8.2) | −9.0 (−16.2 to −1.9)* | |
| Verbal IQ | 104.0 (14.2) | 108.5 (16.8) | 100.5 (16.6) | 4.3 (−0.1 to 8.5) | −6.7 (−13.8 to 0.3) | |
| Performance IQ | 111.6 (14.7) | 113.4 (14.7) | 105.9 (16.8) | 1.6 (−2.6 to 5.9) | −9.2 (−16.5 to −2.0)* | |
| PDMS¶ | ||||||
| Eye–hand | 84.9 (4.7) | 85.0 (4.3) | 82.7 (4.8) | 0.0 (−1.4 to 1.3) | −3.4 (−5.7 to −1.1)* | |
| Locomotion | 107.1 (5.7) | 107.0 (5.8) | 106.2 (9.0) | −0.2 (−1.9 to 1.6) | −1.6 (−4.6 to 1.5) | |
| Balance | 59.8 (5.3) | 59.3 (4.4) | 59.3 (4.5) | −0.3 (−1.9 to 1.2) | −1.2 (−3.8 to 1.5) | |