Comparison of children with a positive (cases) or negative rapid influenza test result (control group 1) and those who did not undergo the test (control group 2)
| Characteristic | Cases (n=43) | Control group 1 (n=435) | p value | Control group 2 (n=479) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentages in parentheses. | |||||
| *Includes one child with congenital heart disease and one with asthma. | |||||
| †Includes seven children with congenital heart disease, five with asthma, four with malignancy, three with neurological deficits, and two with cystic fibrosis. | |||||
| ‡Includes eight children with congenital heart disease, seven with asthma, four with neurological deficits, three with cystic fibrosis, and two with malignancy. | |||||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 23 (53.5) | 242 (55.6) | 0.913 | 254 (53.0) | 0.919 |
| Female | 20 (46.5) | 193 (44.4) | 225 (47.0) | ||
| Age (y) | |||||
| Median | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.643 | 2.6 | 0.706 |
| Range | 0.3–14.5 | 0.1–14.7 | 0.1–14.8 | ||
| Underlying illness | 2* (4.6) | 21† (4.8) | 1.000 | 24‡ (5.0) | 1.000 |
| Previous influenza vaccination | 0 | 9 (2.1) | 1.000 | 11 (2.3) | 0.611 |
| Diagnosis | |||||
| Rhinitis | 14 (32.6) | 105 (24.1) | 0.301 | 137 (28.6) | 0.709 |
| Pharyngitis | 16 (37.2) | 163 (37.5) | 0.133 | 164 (34.2) | 0.821 |
| Acute otitis media | 9 (20.9) | 72 (16.6) | 0.605 | 86 (18.0) | 0.725 |
| Croup | 1 (2.3) | 8 (1.8) | 0.575 | 15 (3.1) | 1.000 |
| Wheezing | 1 (2.3) | 20 (4.6) | 0.709 | 19 (4.0) | 1.000 |
| Acute bronchitis | 2 (4.7) | 41 (9.4) | 0.408 | 34 (7.1) | 0.757 |
| Pneumonia | 0 | 26 (6.0) | 0.153 | 24 (5.0) | 0.246 |
| Routine blood examination | 1 (2.3) | 63 (14.5) | 0.045 | 72 (15.0) | 0.038 |
| Chest radiograph | 2 (4.6) | 50 (11.5) | 0.207 | 56 (11.7) | 0.208 |
| Antibiotic use | 14 (32.6) | 282 (64.8) | <0.0001 | 296 (61.8) | 0.0003 |
| Days of antibiotics | |||||
| Median | 7 | 7 | 0.944 | 7 | 0.961 |
| Range | 4–10 | 3–20 | 5–14 | ||
| Admitted | 0 | 20 (4.6) | 0.240 | 28 (5.8) | 0.154 |
| Antiviral use | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||