Final diagnoses
| First author | GIT | Respiratory | CNS | CVS | ENT | Other | Unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Some infants had multiple diagnoses. | |||||||
| U, unknown; includes diagnoses listed as “apnoea”, “cyanotic episode”, “pallor”, “funny turn”. | |||||||
| Normal includes diagnoses listed as “Moro reflex”, “startle reflex”, “apnoea monitor problem”. | |||||||
| ASD, atrial septal defect; GE, gastroenteritis; GORD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; SAH, subarachnoid haemorrhage; SVT, supraventricular tachycardia; UTI, urinary tract infection; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection; VSD, ventricular septal defect. | |||||||
| First figure after diagnosis is number of times diagnosis is reported in study. Percentage figure in brackets is number of times diagnosis is reported in study/total number of ALTE episodes evaluated in study. Except for study B, number of episodes = number of infants. | |||||||
| Davies, n = 65 | GORD 17 (26%) GE 1 (2%) | Pertussis 6 (9%) Other LRTI 6 (9%) | Seizures 5 (8%) Febrile seizure 1 (2%) Hypocalcaemic seizure 1 (2%) Brain tumour 1 (2%) | PDA 1 (2%) Atrial tachycardia 1 (2%) | Laryngomalacia 1 (2%) | UTI 5 (8%) Factitious illness 2 (3%) Opiates 1 (3%) Developmental delay 1 (3%) | 15 (23%) |
| Gray, n = 130* No. of episodes = 163 | GORD 30 (18%) GE 4 (2%) | LRTI 15 (9%) Pertussis 9 (6%) URTI 7 (4%) Asthma 2 (1%) | Seizures 40 (25%) Febrile seizure 20 (12%) Head injury 2 (1%) | 0 | Subglottic stenosis 1 (0.5%) | Choking 8 (5%) Normal 4 (2%) Unspecified infection 3 (2%) UTI 2 (1%) Vomit 2 (1%) Feeding problems 2 (1%) Development delay 1 (0.5%) Vaccination reaction 1 (0.5%) | 21 (13%) |
| Kurz, n = 60* | GORD 18 (30%) GE 2 (3%) Strangulated hernia 1 (2%) | URTI 11 (18%) RSV 6 (10%) Aspiration pneumonia 2 (3%) Pertussis 1 (2%) | Seizures 4 (7%) Hydrocephalus 2 (3%) Encephalitis 1 (2%) IVH 1 (2%) Onidine’s syndrome 1 (2%) Central apnoea syndrome 12 (20%) Werdnig Hoffman 1 (2%) | Fibroelastosis 1 (1%) Cardiomyopathy 1 (1%) | Oropharyngeal stability on bronchoscopy 2 (3%) | Development deficit 3 (5%) Floppy infant 1 (2%) Hypoglycaemia1 (2%) Hypocalcaemia 1 (2%) Carnitine def. 2 (3%) Organic acidopathy 1 (2%) UTI 1 (2%) | 5 (8%) |
| Laisne, n = 100* | GORD 66 (66%) | 0 | Unspecified 5 (5%) | 0 | Unspecified 6 (6%) | Vagal hyperreactivity 13 (13%) Breath holding 8 (8%) Toxins 4 (4%) Metabolic 3 (3%) Infectious 3 (3%) | 9 (9%) |
| Sheikh, n = 74 | GORD 49 (66%) | RSV 7 (9%) Pneumonia 1 (1%) | Seizure 3 (4%) | Hypoplastic left ventricle 1 (1%) ASD+VSD 1 (1%) | 0 | Aspiration 1(1%) | 11 (15%) |
| Tal, n = 65 | GORD 7 (11%) Colic 1 (2%) | 0 | Seizure 3 (5%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 (83%) |
| Tsukada, n = 19* | GORD 6 (32%) Oesophageal dysfunction 2 (11%) | Pertussis 5 (26%) URTI 3 (16%) | Epilepsy 1 (5%) | 0 | Larnygostenosis 2 (11%) | Choking 2 (11%) | 0 |
| V-Wauters, n = 130 | GORD 34 (26%) | 0 | Seizure 5 (4%) Encephalitis 1 (1%) Meningitis 1 (1%) SAH 1 (1%) | 0 | ENT infection 2 (2%) Anatomical airway obstruction 12 (9%) | Breath holding 9 (7%) Vagal reaction 2 (2%) Hypomagnesaemia 1 (1%) Beta ketothiolase def. 1 (1%) Breast milk opiates 6 (5%) Normal 1 (1%) | 54 (42%) |