History
|
Last meal >12 hours | 47 (20.8) | 215 (7.3) | 3.3 (2.3 to 4.7) | <0.001 | 6 (6.5) | 215 (7.3) | 0.9 (0.3 to 1.9) | 0.771 |
Duration of illness ⩾5 days | 54 (23.7) | 855 (28.9) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 0.090 | 10 (10.8) | 855 (28.9) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.6) | <0.001 |
Fever | 197 (86.4) | 2490 (84.0) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 0.345 | 64 (68.8) | 2490 (84.0) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.7) | <0.001 |
Cough | 86 (37.7) | 1332 (45.0) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.97) | 0.034 | 32 (34.4) | 1332 (45.0) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.98) | 0.043 |
Difficulty breathing | 80 (35.1) | 896 (30.2) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 0.125 | 27 (29.4) | 896 (30.2) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.5) | 0.858 |
Vomiting | 81 (35.5) | 1014 (34.2) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 0.689 | 34 (36.6) | 1014 (34.2) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 0.642 |
Diarrhoea | 53 (23.3) | 656 (22.1) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 0.699 | 21 (22.6) | 656 (22.1) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) | 0.921 |
History of seizures | 66 (29.0) | 616 (20.8) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1) | 0.004 | 38 (40.9) | 616 (20.8) | 2.6 (1.7 to 4.0) | <0.001 |
Uncountable seizures | 8 (3.6) | 27 (0.96) | 3.9 (1.8 to 8.4) | <0.001 | 2 (2.2) | 27 (0.96) | 2.3 (0.0 to 8.9) | 0.241 |
Admhosp1* | 6 (2.7) | 81 (2.8) | 0.96 (0.4 to 2.2) | 0.927 | 6 (6.6) | 81 (2.8) | 2.4 (1.1 to 5.7) | 0.031 |
Antibiotics | 21 (9.7) | 365 (13.1) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) | 0.150 | 6 (6.7) | 365 (13.1) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.1) | 0.079 |
Antimalarials | 57 (26.4) | 761 (27.4) | 0.95 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.752 | 25 (28.1) | 761 (27.4) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) | 0.884 |
Aspirin | 40 (18.6) | 595 (21.4) | 0.84 (0.6 to 1.2) | 0.332 | 10 (11.2) | 595 (21.4) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.8) | 0.021 |
Observations
|
Hypothermia | 22 (9.8) | 92 (3.1) | 3.4 (2.1 to 5.5) | <0.001 | 15 (16.9) | 92 (3.1) | 6.3 (3.5 to 11.3) | <0.001 |
Hypoxia | 26 (12.3) | 137 (4.8) | 2.8 (1.8 to 4.3) | <0.001 | 21 (24.7) | 137 (4.8) | 6.6 (3.9 to 11.0) | <0.001 |
Tachypnoea, <1 year old | 19 (8.4) | 272 (9.3) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) | 0.611 | 7 (7.5) | 272 (9.3) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) | 0.570 |
Tachypnoea, >1 year old | 58 (25.8) | 448 (15.3) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) | <0.001 | 18 (19.4) | 448 (15.3) | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.2) | 0.279 |
WAZ <−3 | 49 (25.8) | 463 (19.0) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 0.023 | 10 (13.0) | 463 (19.0) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.183 |
Examination
|
Pedal oedema | 36 (15.8) | 318 (10.7) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3) | 0.019 | 4 (4.3) | 318 (10.7) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.98) | 0.046 |
Jaundice | 9 (4.0) | 50 (1.7) | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.9) | 0.015 | 2 (2.2) | 50 (1.7) | 1.2 (0.0 to 4.8) | 0.734 |
Unconscious | 60 (26.3) | 148 (5.0) | 6.8 (4.8 to 9.5) | <0.001 | 30 (32.3) | 148 (5.0) | 9.1 (5.7 to 14.5) | <0.001 |
Prostration | 83 (36.4) | 250 (8.4) | 6.2 (4.6 to 8.4) | <0.001 | 41 (44.1) | 250 (8.4) | 8.6 (5.6 to 13.1) | <0.001 |
Deep breathing | 45 (19.7) | 125 (4.2) | 5.6 (3.9 to 8.1) | <0.001 | 25 (26.9) | 125 (4.2) | 8.3 (5.1 to 13.6) | <0.001 |
Chest in-drawing | 69 (30.3) | 639 (21.6) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1) | 0.002 | 28 (30.1) | 639 (21.6) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.4) | 0.050 |
Stiff neck | 1 (0.44) | 35 (1.2) | 0.4 (0.0 to 2.1) | 0.305 | 0 (0) | 35 (1.2) | 0.0 (0.0 to 3.5) | 0.291 |
Skin infection | 9 (4.0) | 124 (4.2) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.8) | 0.863 | 2 (2.2) | 124 (4.2) | 0.5 (0.0 to 1.9) | 0.331 |
Basic investigation
|
Malaria slide positive | 156 (67) | 1719 (57.9) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0) | 0.006 | 51 (52.6) | 1719 (57.9) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.312 |
Severe anaemia | 49 (21.3) | 469 (15.8) | 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) | 0.029 | 10 (10.3) | 469 (15.8) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.142 |