Univariate and multivariate associations with helmet ownership
| Univariate analysis Odds ratio (95% CI) | Multivariate analysis Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| *Defined as enumeration district with Townsend score >0. | ||
| Sex | 1.00 (0.75 to 1.33), p=0.98 | |
| Residence in deprived area* | 0.47 (0.31 to 0.70), p<0.001 | 0.47 (0.33 to 0.69), p<0.001 |
| Rides bike ≥4 days per week | 0.61 (0.49 to 0.76), p<0.001 | 0.57 (0.44 to 0.74), p<0.001 |
| Rides bike | ||
| To and from school | 0.85 (0.28 to 2.61), p=0.78 | |
| To visit friends | 0.75 (0.58 to 0.98), p=0.03 | |
| For fun | 1.22 (0.78 to 1.91), p=0.38 | |
| Only when has to | 0.86 (0.60 to 1.22), p=0.39 | |
| For sport | 1.16 (0.90 to 1.49), p=0.27 | |
| Important or very important reasons for wearing helmet | ||
| How comfortable helmet feels | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.12), p=0.26 | |
| How the helmet looks | 0.85 (0.62 to 1.17), p=0.33 | |
| Helmet could save life | 1.13 (0.56 to 2.28), p=0.73 | |
| What friends think and say | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.31), p=0.56 | |
| Wearing helmet is good way of protecting head if fall off bike | 1.28 (0.81 to 2.03), p=0.30 | |
| Encouraged by family members to wear helmet | 3.46 (2.53 to 4.72), p<0.001 | 2.67 (1.93 to 3.69), p<0.001 |
| Told about dangers of not wearing helmet by: | ||
| Parent | 2.64 (1.81 to 3.85), p<0.001 | 2.09 (1.38 to 3.17), p<0.001 |
| School nurse | 0.90 (0.50 to 1.61), p=0.72 | |
| Teacher | 1.16 (0.86 to 1.56), p=0.33 | |
| Doctor | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.00), p=0.05 | |
| Policeman | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.18), p=0.43 | |
| Road safety officer | 1.05 (0.69 to 1.60), p=0.82 | |
| Other person | 1.57 (1.14 to 2.17), p=0.006 | |
| Best friend wears helmet | 1.84 (1.18 to 2.85), p=0.007 | |
| Had accident on bike requiring medical attention | 0.78 (0.57 to 1.07), p=0.13 | |