Summary of cases in which nCPAP was used
| Congenital malformations of the upper airway | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| *Craniosynostosis syndromes (n=24) of which: Pfeiffer syndrome (n=9), Apert syndrome (n=7), Crouzon syndrome (n=6), craniocleidodysostosis (n=2). | ||
| †Isolated facial defects (n=6) including: Treacher–Collins syndrome (n=3), Pierre–Robin syndrome (n=1), hemifacial microsomia (n=1), micrognathia (n=1). | ||
| ‡Osteochondrodysplasia (n=4) including: achondroplasia (n=3), Jeune syndrome (n=1). | ||
| §Obesity (n=4) including: obesity + spastic quadriplegia (n=1), obesity + spina bifida (n=1), obesity + hypothalamic syndrome (n=1), simple obesity (n=1). | ||
| Craniosynostosis syndromes* | 24 | 36.3 |
| Isolated facial defects† | 6 | 9.1 |
| Osteochondrodysplasia‡ | 4 | 6.1 |
| Conditions predisposing to OSA | ||
| Mucopolysaccharidosis | 8 | 12.1 |
| Obesity§ | 4 | 6.1 |
| Neuromuscular disease | 4 | 6.1 |
| Down’s syndrome | 2 | 3.0 |
| Cerebral palsy | 2 | 3.0 |
| Lower airway structural abnormalities | ||
| Laryngotracheomalacia, bronchomalacia | 3 | 4.5 |
| Miscellaneous causes of OSA | ||
| Multiple congenital anomalies | 1 | 1.5 |
| Pickwickian syndrome | 1 | 1.5 |
| Sickle cell disease | 1 | 1.5 |
| Hydrocephalus | 1 | 1.5 |
| Cystic nasopharyngeal hygroma | 1 | 1.5 |
| Idiopathic OSA (no other causes found) | 1 | 1.5 |
| Infantile mixed central obstructive sleep apnoea | 1 | 1.5 |
| Pending adenotonsillectomy | 1 | 1.5 |
| Persisting OSA post-adenotonsillectomy | 1 | 1.5 |
| Total | 66 | 100 |