Table 1

Descriptive statistics for haemoglobin concentrations in children at 8, 12, and 18 months of age and associations with confounding factors

Haemoglobin concentrations (g/l)
8 mth12 mth18 mth
Overall
Mean (SD)117 (1.1)118 (1.0)117 (0.9)
N942835810
Range72–15372–14775–176
Confounders
Parity
 0118 (1.2)119 (1.0)118 (1.0)
 1116 (1.1)116 (1.0)116 (1.0)
 2+116 (1.1)116 (1.0)116 (0.9)
0.006<0.00010.006
Sex
 Male117 (1.2)117 (1.0)116 (0.9)
 Female117 (1.1)118 (1.0)117 (0.9)
0.6190.4860.051
Ethnicity
 White117 (1.1)118 (1.0)117 (1.0)
 Non-white117 (1.4)119 (0.6)118 (0.8)
0.90.70.7
Breast fed
 No119 (1.0)119 (1.1)117 (0.9)
 Yes117 (1.2)117 (1.0)117 (1.0)
0.0200.20.9
Smoking
 No117 (1.2)117 (1.0)117 (0.9)
 Yes118 (1.1)118 (1.0)117 (1.0)
0.30.40.5
Maternal education
 A117 (1.1)119 (0.9)117 (0.8)
 B118 (1.2)116 (1.0)116 (1.2)
 C117 (1.2)116 (1.0)116 (1.0)
 D118 (1.1)118 (1.1)117 (0.8)
 E116 (1.1)119 (1.0)119 (1.1)
0.4650.0570.041