Principal neuropsychological and behavioural findings
| Adjusted means2-150 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meningitis (n = 107) | Control (n = 96) | ||||
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean difference | 95% CI | p value | |
| WISC-III14 2-151 | |||||
| Verbal IQ | 95.8 (1.2) | 100.0 (1.2) | 4.2 | 0.9 to 7.5 | 0.014 |
| Performance IQ | 99.2 (1.3) | 103.4 (1.3) | 4.2 | 0.6 to 7.8 | 0.023 |
| Full scale IQ | 97.1 (1.1) | 101.6 (1.2) | 4.5 | 1.2 to 7.8 | 0.007 |
| Academic achievement 15 | |||||
| WRAT-3 Reading | 99.0 (1.3) | 104.2 (1.4) | 5.3 | 1.4 to 9.1 | 0.008 |
| WRAT-3 Spelling | 95.5 (1.3) | 101.4 (1.3) | 5.9 | 2.3 to 9.6 | 0.002 |
| WRAT-3 Mathematics | 94.6 (1.1) | 97.8 (1.2) | 3.2 | 0.0 to 6.3 | 0.048 |
| Language 16 | |||||
| Making inferences | 26.6 (0.5) | 28.8 (0.5) | 2.2 | 0.8 to 3.6 | 0.002 |
| Oral expression | 13.7 (0.4) | 14.3 (0.4) | 0.6 | −0.4 to 1.6 | 0.253 |
| Memory and new learning 15 | |||||
| Max digit span— auditory memory | 5.8 (0.1) | 5.9 (0.1) | 0.1 | −0.2 to 0.4 | 0.576 |
| RAVLT—verbal learning | 51.5 (0.7) | 53.5 (0.8) | 2.0 | −0.1 to 4.0 | 0.060 |
| RVDLT—visual learning | 41.2 (0.9) | 45.8 (0.9) | 4.6 | 2.0 to 7.2 | 0.001 |
| RCF—delayed recall | 19.4 (0.5) | 21.2 (0.6) | 1.8 | 0.2 to 3.4 | 0.025 |
| Attention and processing speed 17 | |||||
| Code test—focused and sustained attention | 37.1 (0.3) | 37.7 (0.3) | 0.6 | −0.2 to 1.5 | 0.136 |
| Sky search—processing speed | 77.5 (1.8) | 72.9 (1.9) | −4.6 | −9.9 to 0.7 | 0.088 |
| Executive functions 15 | |||||
| RCF— accuracy | 31.7 (0.3) | 33.1 (0.3) | 1.4 | 0.5 to 2.3 | 0.004 |
| RCF—organisation | 4.7 (0.1) | 5.1 (0.1) | 0.4 | 0.1 to 0.7 | 0.004 |
| Tower of London—planning | 4.5 (0.2) | 4.0 (0.2) | −0.6 | −1.0 to −0.1 | 0.012 |
| COWAT—verbal generation | 25.8 (0.8) | 28.1 (0.9) | 2.3 | −0.1 to 4.6 | 0.060 |
| Behavioural and social adjustment | |||||
| CBCL (T scores)18 | |||||
| School competence | 45.6 (0.8) | 48.8 (0.8) | 3.2 | 0.9 to 5.3 | 0.005 |
| Internalising | 51.1 (1.2) | 46.5 (1.3) | −4.6 | −8.1 to −1.2 | 0.008 |
| Externalising | 50.6 (1.0) | 47.0 (1.1) | −3.6 | −6.5 to −0.7 | 0.015 |
| Total problems | 51.3 (1.1) | 46.2 (1.2) | −5.1 | −8.3 to −1.9 | 0.002 |
| TRF (T scores)19 2-152 | |||||
| Internalising | 48.8 (0.9) | 47.6 (1.0) | −1.2 | −3.8 to 1.4 | 0.366 |
| Externalising | 48.8 (0.9) | 48.2 (1.0) | −0.6 | −3.2 to 2.1 | 0.658 |
| Total problems | 48.5 (0.9) | 46.9 (1.0) | −1.6 | −4.3 to 1.1 | 0.248 |
↵2-150 Adjusted for gender, age, and sociodemographic variables at the 12 year follow up assessment.
↵2-151 WISC-III, Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd ed.; WRAT-3, Wide Range Achievement Test, 3rd ed.; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; RVDLT, Rey Visual Design Learning Test; RCF, Rey Complex Figure; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CBCL, Child Behaviour Checklist; TRF, Teacher's Report Form.
↵2-152 Completed TRF questionnaires were returned by schools for 94 children who had meningitis and for 85 controls.