Table 2

Patient admission acid–base, blood lactate measurements, strong ion difference (SID), and strong ion gap (SIG) calculations

Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4 Patient 5
pH7.307.327.337.277.33
pCO2(kPa)4.224.23.83.434.26
Base excess (mmol/l)−8.5−9−8.3−12.6−7.2
Lactate (mmol/l)2-150 1.21.371.962.391.59
SID (mmol/l)2-151 3529292834
SIG (mmol/l)2-152 2−100−1
Urine ketonesNegativeNegativeNegativeNegativeNegative

  • ↵2-150 Normal lactate is defined as <2 mmol/l.

  • ↵2-151 The normal range for SID is 38–42 mmol/l.10

  • ↵2-152 The normal range for SIG is −3 to +3 mmol/l.10