Children with diabetes | Control children | p Value4-150 | Recommended intake | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys (n = 17) | Girls (n = 16) | Boys (n = 34) | Girls (n = 32) | ||||||||
Energy (kcal) | 1561 (202) | 1389 (172) | 1656 (297) | 1532 (221) | < 0.01 | 1170–19804-151 | |||||
Energy (MJ) | 6.5 (0.8) | 5.8 (0.7) | 6.9 (1.2) | 6.4 (0.9) | < 0.01 | ||||||
Protein (g) | 75 (14) | 65 (9) | 61(15) | 57 (8) | < 0.01 | 14–264-152 | |||||
Fat (g) | 51 (13) | 43 (9) | 65 (15) | 59 (10) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Cholesterol (mg) | 205 (70) | 175 (57) | 250 (76) | 244 (59) | < 0.01 | ||||||
Carbohydrate (g) | 204 (28) | 191 (25) | 211 (40) | 200 (38) | NS | ||||||
Total dietary fibre (g) | 23.4 (5.8) | 22.2 (5.8) | 12.7 (2.9) | 12.1 (2.2) | < 0.001 | ||||||
WS (g) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.4 (1.6) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | < 0.001 | ||||||
WIS (g) | 17.8 (4.7) | 16.7 (4.2) | 9.7 (2.3) | 9.1 (1.6) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Vitamin A, ret eq (μg) | 1313 (588) | 1238 (428) | 785 (405) | 808 (339) | < 0.001 | 360–5504-152 | |||||
Thiamin (mg) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 0.6–1.04-152 | |||||
Riboflavin (mg) | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.1 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.5) | 1.8 (0.4) | < 0.05 | 0.7–1.24-152 | |||||
Niacin, eq (mg) | 26 (5) | 24 (3) | 23 (5) | 22 (3) | < 0.05 | 8–134-152 | |||||
Vitamin C (mg) | 137 (53) | 148 (48) | 98 (33) | 118 (48) | < 0.01 | 36–504-152 | |||||
Vitamin D (μg) | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.0) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.7 (1.8) | NS | 9–114-152 | |||||
Calcium (mg) | 1173 (209) | 1110 (228) | 945 (283) | 940 (203) | < 0.01 | 720–8804-152 | |||||
Phosphorus (mg) | 1573 (264) | 1435 (206) | 1217 (299) | 1153 (178) | < 0.001 | 720–8804-152 | |||||
Potassium (mg) | 3516 (386) | 3520 (570) | 2682 (654) | 2619 (472) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Magnesium (mg) | 325 (51) | 318 (50) | 232 (50) | 223 (36) | < 0.001 | 72–1324-152 | |||||
Iron (mg) | 12 (2) | 11 (2) | 11 (3) | 9 (1) | < 0.001 | 9–114-152 | |||||
Zinc (mg) | 11.7 (2.0) | 10.8 (1.6) | 9.0 (2.1) | 8.2 (1.1) | < 0.001 | 9–114-152 | |||||
Manganese (mg) | 5.9 (1.5) | 5.7 (1.2) | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 0.9–2.24-153 | |||||
Copper (mg) | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 0.6–1.74-153 | |||||
Selenium (μg) | 57 (11) | 49 (7) | 55 (14) | 50 (8) | NS | 18–224-152 | |||||
Molybdenum (μg) | 96 (25) | 97 (27) | 78 (15) | 76 (13) | < 0.001 | 23–834-153 | |||||
Fluoride (μg) | 331 (44) | 316 (32) | 311 (68) | 286 (39) | < 0.05 | 500–2,8004-153 | |||||
Chromium (μg) | 19 (3) | 20 (6) | 20 (5) | 20 (5) | NS | 18–1324-153 | |||||
Iodine (μg) | 274 (83) | 231 (50) | 284 (85) | 285 (82) | NS | 63–994-152 |
↵4-150 Diabetic children versus controls.
↵4-151 Average energy allowance (National Research Council 1989).
↵4-152 Recommended dietary allowance (National Research Council 1989).
↵4-153 Estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (National Research Council 1989).
WIS, water insoluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides; WS, water soluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides; eq, niacin equivalent; ret eq, retinol equivalent.