Baseline comparison of biofeedback and control groups
| Biofeedback (n = 14) | Control (n = 15) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 9.2 (2.7) | 8.4 (2.3) | |||
| Low socioeconomic status | 6 | 43 | 3 | 20 | |
| Boys | 13 | 93 | 11 | 73 | |
| Palpable stool | 8 | 57 | 10 | 67 | |
| Primary encopresis | 12 | 86 | 9 | 60 | |
| Used laxatives | 11 | 79 | 13 | 87 | |
| Used oils | 8 | 57 | 11 | 73 | |
| Used suppositories | 2 | 14 | 1 | 7 | |
| Used enemas | 1 | 7 | 1 | 7 | |
| Used any medication | 14 | 100 | 15 | 100 | |
| Clinical retention | |||||
| Mild | 4 | 2 | |||
| Moderate | 8 | 57 | 11 | 73 | |
| Severe | 2 | 14 | 2 | 13 | |
| Compliance with behaviour modification | |||||
| Moderate | 5 | 36 | 5 | 33 | |
| Good | 9 | 64 | 10 | 67 | |
| Compliance with medication | |||||
| Poor | 0 | 1 | |||
| Moderate | 3 | 21 | 1 | 7 | |
| Good | 11 | 79 | 13 | 87 | |
| Urge to stool | 14 | 100 | 13 | 87 | |
| Aware of soiling | 8 | 57 | 8 | 53 | |
| Nocturnal enuresis | 7 | 50 | 6 | 40 | |
| Diurnal enuresis | 2 | 14 | 1 | 7 | |
| Mean (SD) faecal retention score | 12.4 (6.4) | 14.2 (6.8) | |||
| Raised transient sensation | 10 | 71 | 11 | 73 | |
| Raised prolonged sensation | 7 | 50 | 7 | 50 | |
| Incorrect squeeze | 2 | 14 | 6 | 40 | |
| Unable to defecate 100 ml balloon | 7 | 50 | 9 | 60 | |
| Unable to defecate any balloon | 2 | 14 | 1 | 7 | |