Results of kwashiorkor cases: milk v maize diet
| Outcomes | Milk diet (n=55) | Maize diet (n=45) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical | |||
| Mortality (%) | 2 (3.6) | 10 (22.2) | 0.01 |
| Clinical sepsis (%) | 17 (30.9) | 27 (60.0) | 0.01 |
| Diarrhoea during initial week (%) | 35 (63.6) | 14 (31.1) | 0.002 |
| % Days with diarrhoea in hospital | 34.8 (29.8 to 39.8) | 24.3 (17.8 to 30.8) | 0.01 |
| Weight gain: | |||
| Mean No of days | 5.3 (3.9 to 6.7) | 2.7 (1.7 to 3.7) | 0.01 |
| In g/kg/day3-150 | 4.4 (3.4 to 5.5) | 2.9 (2.1 to 3.7) | 0.03 |
| Days in hospital | 15.5 (13.9 to 17.1) | 15.8 (13.9 to 17.7) | 0.81 |
| Oedema resolved (days) | 9.3 (7.7 to 10.9) | 8.8 (6.6 to 11.0) | 0.71 |
| Permeability | |||
| Mean urine output (ml/kg/hour testing)3-150 | 1.29 (1.13 to 1.45) | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.37) | 0.51 |
| Mean % lactulose recovery3-150 | 0.145 (0.12 to 0.17) | 0.192 (0.16 to 0.23) | 0.03 |
| Mean % rhamnose recovery3-150 | 1.08 (0.90 to 1.29) | 0.99 (0.83 to 1.19) | 0.51 |
| Differences in L-R permeability3-150 3-151 | |||
| Improved ratio (%) | 44 (57.9) | 25 (41.7) | 0.09 |
| Worsened ratio (%) | 19 (25.0) | 28 (46.7) | 0.01 |
| Mean differences in L-R ratio | 6.4 (1.7 to 11.1) | −6.8 (−16.8 to 5.0) | 0.001 |