Differential diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain (after Malleson and Southwood10)
| • Avascular necrosis and degenerative disorders |
|---|
| Perthes’ disease |
| Osteochondritis, Osgood-Schlatters disease, Scheuermann’s disease |
| Slipped upper femoral epiphysis |
| Chondromalacia patellae |
| Hypermobility |
| •Reactive arthritis: poststreptococcal, postenteric, postviral |
| • Trauma: accidental and non-accidental |
| • Haematological: leukaemia, neuroblastoma, lymphoma, haemophilia, haemoglobinopathy |
| •Rickets: hypophosphataemic rickets, other metabolic and endocrine disorders (diabetes, hypo/hyperthyroidism) |
| •Infection: acute—septic arthritis, osteomyelitis; chronic—tuberculosis, Brodie’s abscess |
| •Tumour: cartilage, bone, muscle, benign (osteoid osteoma, pigmented villonodular synovitis) |
| • Idiopathic pain syndromes: localised and generalised |
| •Systemic connective tissue disease: systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis (including Henoch-Schönlein syndrome, Kawasaki disease), dermatomyositis, polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, overlap syndromes |