Intravenous (IV) diazepam or phenobarbital is generally accepted as the initial treatment of choice for status epilepticus in children. The risk of severe respiratory depression with either drug is a major problem, particularly in emergency centers that do not have appropriate equipment or personnel for rapid endotracheal intubation of infants. While some pediatric centers are not reluctant to recommend paraldehyde for secondary therapy in status epilepticus, most texts and publications recommend it only as a last resort because of reported complications. We investigated the benefits and complications from varied dosing regimens in 16 trials. The results indicated no significant complications in patients who did not receive an initial IV bolus. Even though treatment with phenobarbital or diazepam and phenytoin sodium had failed, 37% had a good therapeutic response.