Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ARTICLESAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Increased Costs for Patients and Their Families
Section snippets
METHOD
The goal of this study was to assess the economic burden of childhood ADHD to employers. Specifically, we estimated the direct medical care costs of ADHD sufferers and family members, and indirect costs to family members. To determine the incremental burden of ADHD in terms of direct and indirect costs, we compared employer expenditures for children treated for ADHD relative to an age- and gender-matched population of those without ADHD who were beneficiaries of the same employer, as well as
Demographics.
Consistent with epidemiological estimates (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2000), the treated prevalence of ADHD in the patients of age 18 or younger was 4%. The average age of the ADHD cases and the matched control group was 12 years; 74% were male. The ADHD patient and matched control samples had the same demographics by construction (Table 1). While the demographic characteristics of both family samples were
Epidemiological and Economic Implications
The results reported here are consistent with relevant epidemiological studies. At a patient level, findings related to increased comorbidities among ADHD patients lend support to the well-recognized link between ADHD and other mental disorders. In addition, ADHD status is associated with an increase in patient's medical costs, as well as those of family members. Epidemiological patterns that ADHD is associated with greater stress in both parents and siblings are consistent with the results in
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The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder
2021, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :A study of a U.S. national Fortune 100 company’s database of over 100,000 beneficiaries compared healthcare costs for youths with ADHD with matched controls without ADHD. The annual average cost per family member was $2728 for non-ADHD family members of ADHD patients, almost double the $1440 for family members of matched controls (Swensen et al., 2003). German health insurance records, including over 25,000 patients with ADHD, indicate that patients with ADHD cost roughly €1500 more annually than those without ADHD.
Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis and Severity
2017, Academic PediatricsEconomic Burden of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Pediatric Patients in the United States
2017, Value in HealthCitation Excerpt :Because children with ADHD are more accident-prone, they might miss school, sports, and other childhood activities. Consequently, parents of children with ADHD miss work to take care of their children or to accompany them during physician visits [8]. In 1998, the annual direct cost was $1574 per patient with ADHD as compared with $541 per matched control.
The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood: A qualitative study
2018, Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
Research supported by an unconditional grant from Eli Lilly and Company.
Portions of this manuscript were presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, October 2001.