Introduction Thrombophilia was initially attributed to inherited hypercoagulability state, in the same way as hemophilia, however by the time this term extended to include acquired cases as well. True idiopathic thrombosis is extremely rare in children. Multiple risk factors are often present in pediatric patients; indwelling catheter, inflammatory conditions, malignancy, immobilization, thrombophilia and congenital heart disease. The role of thrombophilia in determining the risk of arterial thrombotic events is less well defined.

Objectives This study aimed to collect the number of children hospitalized in PICU, suffering from arterial thrombosis and to reveal the possible etiological factors.

Methods The study was conducted from 1^st of January 2007 till 1^st of January 2012, comprising 436 children aged from 2 months to 17 years old .The patient’s records were retrospectively evaluated.

Conclusion Arterial thromboses encountered in our PICU do not constitute a frequent diagnosis, however when exist can lead to great disability (stroke, limb loss …) or even death. It also seems that a combination rather than a single factor play role in the formation of arterial thrombus in children.