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Weight gain and sudden infant death syndrome: changes in weight z scores may identify infants at increased risk
  1. Peter S Blaira,
  2. Pam Nadina,
  3. Tim J Coled,
  4. Peter J Fleminga,
  5. Iain J Smithb,
  6. Martin Ward Plattc,
  7. P J Berrya,
  8. Jean Goldinga,
  9. the CESDI SUDI research group
  1. aFSID Unit, Dept of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Children, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK, bNuffield Institute for Health, 71–75 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9PL, UK, cNewcastle Neonatal Service, Ward 35, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 4LP, UK, dDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
  1. Dr Blair email:p.s.blair{at}bris.ac.uk

Abstract

AIMS To investigate patterns of infant growth that may influence the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

DESIGN Three year population based case control study with parental interviews for each death and four age matched controls. Growth was measured from prospective weight observations using the British 1990 Growth Reference.

SETTING Five regions in England (population greater than 17 million, more than 470 000 live births over three years).

SUBJECTS 247 SIDS cases and 1110 controls.

RESULTS The growth rate from birth to the final weight observation was significantly poorer among the SIDS infants despite controlling for potential confounders (SIDS mean change in weight z score (δzw) = −0.38 (SD 1.40)v controls = +0.22 (SD 1.10), multivariate: p < 0.0001). Weight gain was poorer among SIDS infants with a normal birth weight (above the 16th centile: odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–2.07, p < 0.0001) than for those with lower birth weight (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.61–1.95, p = 0.76). There was no evidence of increased growth retardation before death.

CONCLUSIONS Poor postnatal weight gain was independently associated with an increased risk of SIDS and could be identified at the routine six week assessment.

  • The lower weight of SIDS infants compared to the control infants which was apparent at birth was even more notable in the two weeks before death

  • SIDS infants, particularly those of normal birth weight, exhibited poorer weight gain than their controls

  • Although poor growth was evident among SIDS infants there was no evidence of accelerated retardation in the weeks prior to death

  • The difference in growth between SIDS and control infants was apparent within the first five to seven weeks of life

  • SIDS
  • weight gain
  • z scores
  • conditional growth charts

https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.82.6.462

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