The context

Children are our nation's most precious resource because of the change in the old age dependency ratio—the number of active working age adults per pensioner. In 1971, the ratio was 3.6; it fell to 3.2 in 2008, and despite a recent increase in birth rate largely in mothers born outside the UK, it could fall to 2.0 within 35 years.2

We need healthy, educated, creative and resilient children to become the productive adults supporting an ageing population, so investing in them should be a top national priority. As well as being our future, they are citizens today deserving all the entitlements that follow, including the 42 Articles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).

There is much to celebrate. There are outstanding children and young people exemplified by the award to exceptional young people by the Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Award, the success of young able bodied and disabled British Olympians, the authority of Young Parliamentarians, and turning the challenges of teenage cancer into effective fund-raising. These all reflect the positive attitudes and behaviours of countless children and young people.

The majority are loved in their families. They are hardworking, strive to be successful, are law abiding and when given an opportunity, contribute to the society.

Children, generally, are healthy and fewer die than 20 years ago. Scientific advances have transformed knowledge of the pathogenesis of diseases, …