Early influences on adult lung function in two national British birth cohorts

David P Strachan ^1*, Lia Orfei ², Alicja Rudnicka ² and Michael Wadsworth ³

¹ St George's Hospital Medical School, United Kingdom
² St George's, University of London, United Kingdom
³ MRC National Survey of Health & Development, UCL, United Kingdom

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: d.strachan{at}sghms.ac.uk.

Accepted 18 June 2007

Abstract

Objectives: To compare adult lung function in two national British cohorts, born in 1946 and 1958, in relation to birth weight, postnatal growth and early air pollution exposure.

Design and setting: Persons born in England, Scotland and Wales during one week in March 1946 and 1958 respectively, and followed from childhood into adult life.

Main outcome measures: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), measured at age 43 years on subjects born in 1946 (n=2,167) and age 44-45 years on subjects born in 1958 (n=5,947). Spirometric indices were adjusted for gender, adult standing height, smoking history and socioeconomic position in childhood, and analysed in relation to birthweight, growth pattern, and area of birth, classified into four groups of differing exposure to domestic coal smoke pollution.

Results: Within each cohort, FEV1 and FVC were positively associated with birth weight and proportional sitting height independent of adult height. Pooling results for both cohorts, the mutually adjusted increment in FEV1 per 1SD increment was 30 mL (95%CI=16-45) for birth weight, and 19 mL (95%CI=5-33) for proportional sitting height. The proportion of adult height attained by age 7 years and early air pollution exposure were unrelated to adult lung function.

Conclusions: A small but significant influence of birth weight and trunk size on lung function is confirmed, but neither differences in prenatal and postnatal growth, nor differences in childhood air pollution exposure, are likely explanations of the differences in spirometric performance between British adults born in 1946 and 1958.

Keywords: air pollution, birth weight, growth trajectory, lung function

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