Association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits and malocclusion in the primary dentition

Francisco Vázquez ^1*, Jorge Antonio Quesada ², Silvia Oviedo ², Atenógenes Humberto Saldívar ³, Hector Rafael Sanchez ⁴, FrancIsco Javier Beltrán ⁵, Eliza Mireya Vázquez ⁵ and Carlos Francisco Vázquez ⁵

¹ Mexican Institute Social Security. Faculty of Medicine of Tampico. Universidad Aut&oacunoma de Tamps, Mexico
² Faculty of Odontology. Autonomus University of Tamaulipas., Mexico
³ Faculty of Medicine of Tampico. Autonomus University of Tamaulipas., Mexico
⁴ Mexican Institute of Social Security., Mexico
⁵ Faculty of Medicine of Tampico. Autonomus University of Tamaulipas, Mexico

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fvazqueznava{at}yahoo.com.mx.

Accepted 5 June 2006

Abstract

Objective:To determine the association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits and malocclusion in the primary dentition.

Material and methods:Data were collected on 1160 children with ages ranging between 4 and 5 years old whom were longitudinally followed since they were 4 months old when they were admitted to nurseries in a suburban area of Tampico-Madero, Mexico. Periodically, physical examinations were conducted and a questionnaire was given to their parents or tutors. The paediatricians, dentists and patients' parents were blind to the specific research objectives.

ResultsMalocclusion was detected in 640 of the children (51.03% had anterior open bite and 7.5% had posterior cross-bite). Allergic rhinitis alone (adjusted odds ratio=2.87; 95% CI 1.57 to 5.25) or together with non-nutritive sucking habits (adjusted odds ratio=3.31; 95% CI 1.55 to 7.09) had effect on anterior open bite. Bottle feeding alone (adjusted odds ratio=1.95; 95%CI 1.07 to 3.54) or together with allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio=3.96; 95% CI 1.80 to 8.74) had effect on posterior cross bite. Posterior cross-bite was more frequent in children with allergic rhinitis and non nutritive sucking habits (10.4%).

Conclusions:Allergic rhinitis alone or together with non nutritive sucking habits is related to anterior open bite. Non nutritive sucking habits accompanied with allergic rhinitis seem to be the most important factor for development of posterior open bite in children under the age of five years old.

Keywords: habits, malocclusion, non-nutritive, rhinitis, sucking

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