ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion in the primary dentition

F Vázquez-Nava¹, J A Quezada-Castillo², S Oviedo-Treviño², A H Saldivar-González³, H R Sánchez-Nuncio³, F J Beltrán-Guzmán³, E M Vázquez-Rodríguez⁴, C F Vázquez Rodríguez⁴

¹ Research Department, Tampico Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Department of Research in Clinical Epidemiology, General Hospital of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Tampico-Madero City, Tamp, Mexico
² Faculty of Odontology (Dentistry), Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Tampico-Madero City, Tamp, Mexico
³ Research Department, Tampico Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Department of Research in Clinical Epidemiology, General Hospital of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Tampico-Madero City, Tamp, Mexico
⁴ Research Department, Tampico Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Tampico-Madero City, Tamp, Mexico

Correspondence to:
Dr F Vázquez-Nava
Calle Matamoros #102, Col. Hipódromo, Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, CP 89560, Mexico; fvazqueznava{at}yahoo.com.mx

Aim: To determine the association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion in the primary dentition.

Methods: Data were collected on 1160 children aged 4–5 years, who had been longitudinally followed since the age of 4 months, when they were admitted to nurseries in a suburban area of Tampico–Madero, Mexico. Periodically, physical examinations were conducted and a questionnaire was given to their parents or tutors.

Results: Malocclusion was detected in 640 of the children (51.03% had anterior open bite and 7.5% had posterior cross-bite). Allergic rhinitis alone (adjusted odds ratio = 2.87; 95% CI 1.57 to 5.25) or together with non-nutritive sucking habits (adjusted odds ratio = 3.31; 95% CI 1.55 to 7.09) had an effect on anterior open bite. Bottle feeding alone (adjusted odds ratio = 1.95; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.54) or together with allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.96; 95% CI 1.80 to 8.74) had an effect on posterior cross-bite. Posterior cross-bite was more frequent in children with allergic rhinitis and non-nutritive sucking habits (10.4%).

Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis alone or together with non-nutritive sucking habits is related to anterior open bite. Non-nutritive sucking habits together with allergic rhinitis seem to be the most important factor for development of posterior open bite in children under the age of 5 years.

Abbreviations: AR, allergic rhinitis; BF, bottle feeding; NNSH, non-nutritive sucking habits

Keywords: rhinitis; non-nutritive sucking habits; malocclusion

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