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Malaria vaccine
Towards an effective malaria vaccine
1 National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Mozambique
2 Manhica Health Research Center, Maputo, Mozambique
3 Barcelona Center for International Health, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Pedro L Alonso
Centre de Salut Internacional, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; palonso@clinic.ub.es
An effective malaria vaccine may be developed in the near future
Abbreviations: AMA, apical membrane antigen; CS, circumsporozoite; CSP, circumsporozoite protein; EPI, Expanded Programme of Immunization; EV, erythrocytic vaccines; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; MSP, merozoite surface protein; MVI, Malaria Vaccine Initiative; PEV, pre-erythrocytic vaccines; TBV, transmission blocking vaccines
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
When in 1955 the malariologist Paul Russell predicted without hesitation the imminent end of malaria,1 little could he have imagined that half a century later malaria would still be one of the most important public health challenges in the world. At the beginning of the 21st century, 3000 million people (almost half the world’s population) living in malaria endemic areas in 100 countries are at risk, with the biggest burden of both disease and death concentrated in African countries. Between 300 and 500 million clinical cases and up to 2.7 million deaths are believed to occur annually.2,3
Although there are four species of Plasmodium that infect humans, only two (P vivax and P falciparum) cause significant disease, with nearly all deaths being caused by P falciparum.
Over the last century, malaria has disappeared from significant areas of the world, and in some places this has
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