Annotation
Prognosis for vesicoureteric reflux
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Introduction |
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The prevalence of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) has been estimated to be 2% of the child population.1 In children with VUR demonstrated on micturating cystourethrography there is a tendency for the grade of VUR to improve or for VUR to disappear with time and with increasing age.2 3 VUR has been identified as a risk factor for the development of urinary tract infections (UTI) and is present in a third of young children presenting with this problem. In addition, it is a risk factor for renal scarring, otherwise called reflux nephropathy.4 5 VUR is also associated with renal dysplasia and other developmental abnormalities of the urinary tract.6 There is now abundant evidence for inheritance by an autosomal dominant mechanism.7
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Pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy |
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Studies have suggested that reflux nephropathy develops following
UTI in very early childhood or infancy.8 New scars have been observed relatively infrequently; however, there are sufficient case reports of new scar formation both on
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