Annotation
Multiple causes of human kidney malformations
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Anatomy of human nephrogenesis |
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The human kidney derives from two parts of the metanephros, its
embryonic precursor. The first of these is the ureteric bud, which
branches into the collecting ducts containing K+ secreting
principal and H+ handling intercalated epithelia, and also
forms the urothelium of the calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder
trigone. The second is the renal mesenchyme, which differentiates into
nephrons comprised of glomeruli, proximal tubules, and loops of Henle. The human metanephros appears at 5 weeks of gestation, the first glomeruli form by 9 weeks, and nephrogenesis is complete by 34 weeks.1 2
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Variety of human kidney malformations |
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The term `renal malformation' encompasses a mixed bag of
developmental aberrations, all of which involve anatomical or major structural anomalies which are present at the time of
birth.1 2 In the most extreme example, called renal
agenesis, the kidney is absent. Renal dysplasia describes an organ
comprised of undifferentiated and metaplastic cells: these organs may
be tiny (renal aplasia) or can
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