© 2005 BMJ Publishing Group & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
SHORT REPORT
Outdoor carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sudden infant death syndrome
1 Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607, USA
2 UC-Davis Medical Center, MSF Bldg #2008, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr H Klonoff-Cohen
Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607, USA; hklonoffcohen{at}ucsd.edu
Aims: To investigate whether infants who died of SIDS were more likely to have higher acute and lifetime average exposures to outdoor carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) than comparison healthy infants.
Methods: A total of 169 case and 169 matched control infants born between 1988 and 1992, were studied. CO and NO2 concentrations, averaged for all days within the infant’s lifespan, and the last 30 days, 7 days, 3 days, and 1 day of life were obtained from air pollutant data provided by the California Air Resources Board.
Results: Based on monthly aggregated data, average CO and particularly NO2 were associated with SIDS count, even after adjustment for seasonal trends. SIDS outcome was not significantly associated with high average outdoor CO levels for any time period. However, high average outdoor NO2 levels on the last day of the infant’s exposure period were significantly associated with SIDS; the adjusted odds ratio was 2.34 (95% CI 1.13 to 4.87).
Conclusions: SIDS may be related to high levels of acute outdoor NO2 exposure during the last day of life. Further studies are needed to replicate this finding.
Abbreviations: SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome; CO, carbon monoxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; SO2, sulphur dioxide; ARB, Air Resources Board
Keywords: sudden infant death syndrome; air pollution; carbon monoxide; nitrogen dioxide
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Arch. Dis. Child. 2005 90: 662-663.
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