ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Six year effectiveness of a population based two tier infant hearing screening programme

S A Russ¹, F Rickards², Z Poulakis¹, M Barker¹, K Saunders³ and M Wake¹

¹ Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
² Deafness Studies Unit, Faculty of Education, The University of Melbourne, Australia
³ Department of Paediatrics, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Australia

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Ms Z Poulakis, Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia;
poulakiz{at}cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au

Aims: To determine whether a two tier universal infant hearing screening programme (population based risk factor ascertainment and universal distraction testing) lowered median age of diagnosis of bilateral congenital hearing impairment (CHI) >40 dB HL in Victoria, Australia.

Methods: Comparison of whole population birth cohorts pre and post introduction of the Victorian Infant Hearing Screening Program (VIHSP). All babies surviving the neonatal period born in Victoria in 1989 (pre-VIHSP) and 1993 (post-VIHSP) were studied. (1) Pre-1992: distraction test at 7–9 months. (2) Post-1992: infants with risk factors for CHI referred for auditory brain stem evoked response (ABR) assessment; all others screened by modified distraction test at 7–9 months.

Results: Of the 1989 cohort (n = 63 454), 1.65/1000 were fitted with hearing aids for CHI by end 1995, compared with 2.09/1000 of the 1993 cohort (n = 64 116) by end 1999. Of these, 79 cases from the 1989 cohort (1.24/1000) and 72 cases from the 1993 cohort (1.12/1000) had CHI >40 dB HL. Median age at diagnosis of CHI >40 dB HL for the 1989 birth cohort was 20.3 months, and for the 1993 cohort was 14.2 months. Median age at diagnosis fell significantly for severe CHI but not for moderate or profound CHI. Significantly more babies with CHI >40 dB HL were diagnosed by 6 months of age in 1993 than in 1989 (21.7% v 6.3%). Compared to the six years pre-VIHSP, numbers aided by six months were consistently higher in the six years post-VIHSP (1.05 per 100 000 births versus 13.4 per 100 000 births per year).

Conclusions: VIHSP resulted in very early diagnosis for more infants and lowered median age of diagnosis of severe CHI. However, overall results were disappointing.

Keywords: congenital hearing impairment; infant screening; programme evaluation; early detection

Abbreviations: ABR, auditory brain stem evoked response; CHI, congenital hearing impairment; UNHS, universal neonatal hearing screening; VIHSP, Victorian Infant Hearing Screening Program

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