Arch Dis Child 1999;80:433-437 ( May )

Childhood tuberculosis in an urban population in South Africa: burden and risk factor

A van Rie,^a N Beyers,^a R P Gie,^a M Kunneke,^b L Zietsman,^b P R Donald^a

^a Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa, ^b Institute for Geographical Analysis, Department of Geography, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa

Correspondence to: Dr van Rie

Accepted 5 December 1998

AIMTo study the epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in a developing country.
SETTINGTwo urban communities of Cape Town, South Africa with a TB case notification rate of 1149/100 000.
DESIGNRetrospective descriptive study using the national population census (1991), 10 year official TB notification records, and a geographical information system.
RESULTSThe case notification rate of TB in children 0-5 years old was 3588 cases/100 000 children aged 0-5 years, 3.5 times the case notification rate in adults. Children (0-14 years) accounted for 39% of the total case load. Childhood TB case notification rate correlated with parental education (r = 0.64), annual household income (r = 0.6), and crowding (r = 0.32).
CONCLUSIONChildren, especially those living in poor socioeconomic conditions, form an important epidemiological group and account for a notable proportion of the morbidity caused by TB. Efforts to improve TB control must therefore not only target adults (case detection and cure of infectious cases) but also children (screening of child contacts of adult cases) and the socioeconomic living conditions.


Keywords: tuberculosis; risk factors; developing world

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© 1999 by Archives of Disease in Childhood
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