Arch Dis Child 1997;77:235-238 ( September )

Serum lactate as a predictor of mortality after paediatric cardiac surgery

M Hatherill, T Sajjanhar, S M Tibby, M P Champion, D Anderson, M J Marsh, I A Murdoch

Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas's Street, London SE10 8JA

Correspondence to: Dr Hatherill.

Accepted 5 June 1997

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of sequential lactate measurement in predicting postoperative mortality after surgery for complex congenital heart disease in children.
DESIGNProspective observational study.
SETTINGSixteen bedded paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
SUBJECTSNinety nine children ( 90 survivors, nine non-survivors).
MEASUREMENTSSerum lactate and base deficit were measured on admission and every six hours thereafter. Data were analysed by Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests.
RESULTSThere was considerable overlap in initial lactate values between the survivor and non-survivor groups. Initial lactate was significantly raised in non-survivors (median 8.7, range 1.9-17.6 mmol/l) compared with survivors (median 2.4, range 0.6-13.6 mmol/l) (p = 0.0002). Twenty one patients (21.1%) with initial lactate concentrations greater than 4.5 mmol/l survived to PICU discharge. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis an initial lactate of 6 mmol/l had the optimum predictive value for mortality. Initial postoperative serum lactate >6 mmol/l predicted mortality with sensitivity 78%, specificity 83%, and positive predictive value of only 32%.
CONCLUSIONInitial lactate concentrations have poor positive predictive value for mortality. The routine measurement of lactate for this purpose cannot be justified in clinical practice.

Keywords: cardiac surgery; lactate; mortality

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© 1997 by Archives of Disease in Childhood
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